PostGIS is a spatial database extender for PostgreSQL object-relational database. It adds support for geographic objects allowing location queries to be run in SQL. PostGIS adds extra types (geometry, geography, raster and others) to the PostgreSQL database. It also adds functions, operators, and index enhancements that apply to these spatial types. 
 
 
Its features include 
<ul>
<li>Processing and analytic functions for both vector and raster data for splicing, dicing, morphing, reclassifying,
and collecting/unioning with the power of SQL</li>
<li>raster map algebra for fine-grained raster processing</li>
<li>Spatial reprojection SQL callable functions for both vector and raster data</li>
<li>Support for importing / exporting ESRI shapefile vector data via both commandline and GUI packaged tools and support for more formats via other 3rd-party Open Source tools</li>
<li>Packaged command-line for importing raster data from many standard formats: GeoTiff, NetCDF, PNG, JPG to name a few</li>
<li>Rendering and importing vector data support functions for standard textual formats such as KML,GML, GeoJSON,GeoHash and WKT using SQL </li>
<li>Rendering raster data in various standard formats GeoTIFF, PNG, JPG, NetCDF, to name a few using SQL</li>
<li>Seamless raster/vector SQL callable functions for extrusion of pixel values by geometric region, running stats by region, clipping rasters by a geometry, and vectorizing rasters</li>
<li>3D object support, spatial index, and functions</li>
<li>Network Topology support</li>
</ul>

PostGIS is a spatial database extender for PostgreSQL object-relational database. It adds support for geographic objects allowing location queries to be run in SQL. PostGIS adds extra types (geometry, geography, raster and others) to the PostgreSQL database. It also adds functions, operators, and index enhancements that apply to these spatial types. 

PostGIS - Spatial and Geographic objects for PostgreSQL

CesiumJS is a JavaScript library for creating 3D globes and 2D maps in a web browser without a plugin. It uses WebGL for hardware-accelerated graphics, and is cross-platform, cross-browser, and tuned for dynamic-data visualization. 
<ul>
<li>It provides support to visualize high-resolution global terrain. Optionally exaggerate terrain. </li>
 <li>Draw 3D models using glTF 2.0 with Physically-Based Rendering (PBR) materials, animations, skins, and morph targets. </li>
 <li>Use legacy Google Earth Enterprise terrain and imagery. </li>
 <li>Industry standard vector formats, such as KML, GeoJSON, and TopoJSON, including terrain clamping. </li>
 <li>Draw and style a wide range of geometries like points, labels, billboards, boxes, spheres, ellipsoids, and cylinders etc </li>
 <li> Camera navigation with mouse and touch handlers for rotate, zoom, pan with inertia, flights, free look, and terrain collision detection. </li>
</ul>

CesiumJS is a JavaScript library for creating 3D globes and 2D maps in a web browser without a plugin. It uses WebGL for hardware-accelerated graphics, and is cross-platform, cross-browser, and tuned for dynamic-data visualization.

Cesium - An open-source JavaScript library for world-class 3D globes and maps

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for data management, image processing, graphics production, spatial modelling, and visualization of many types of data. GRASS supports raster and vector data in two and three dimensions. The vector data model is topological, meaning that areas are defined by boundaries and centroids; boundaries cannot overlap within a single layer.
 
GRASS GIS contains over 350 modules to render maps and images on monitor and paper; manipulate raster, and vector data including vector networks; process multispectral image data; and create, manage, and store spatial data. GRASS GIS offers both an intuitive graphical user interface as well as command line syntax for ease of operations. GRASS GIS can interface with printers, plotters, digitizers, and databases to develop new data as well as manage existing data.

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for data management, image processing, graphics production, spatial modelling, and visualization of many types of data. GRASS supports raster and vector data in two and three dimensions. The vector data model is topological, meaning that areas are defined by boundaries and centroids; boundaries cannot overlap within a single layer.

GRASS GIS - Geographic Resources Analysis Support System

uDig is an open source desktop application framework, built with Eclipse Rich Client (RCP) technology. The goal of uDig is to provide a complete Java solution for desktop GIS data access, editing, and viewing. It supports GeoRSS, geospatial web services and provides the framework on which complex analytical capabilities can be built, and gradually subsuming those capabilities into the main application.

uDig - User-friendly Desktop Internet GIS

GeoMesa is an open-source, distributed, spatio-temporal database built on a number of distributed cloud data storage systems, including Accumulo, HBase, Cassandra, and Kafka. Leveraging a highly parallelized indexing strategy, GeoMesa aims to provide as much of the spatial querying and data manipulation to Accumulo as PostGIS does to Postgres.
 
Through GeoServer, GeoMesa facilitates integration with a wide range of existing mapping clients over standard OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) APIs and protocols such as WFS and WMS. GeoMesa supports Apache Spark for custom distributed geospatial analytics.
 
Through a geographical information server such as GeoServer, GeoMesa facilitates integration with a wide range of existing mapping clients by enabling access to its databases and streaming capabilities over standard OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) APIs and protocols such as WFS and WMS. These interfaces also let GeoMesa drive map user interfaces and serve up data for analytics such as queries, histograms, heat maps, and time series analyses.

GeoMesa is an open-source, distributed, spatio-temporal database built on a number of distributed cloud data storage systems, including Accumulo, HBase, Cassandra, and Kafka. Leveraging a highly parallelized indexing strategy, GeoMesa aims to provide as much of the spatial querying and data manipulation to Accumulo as PostGIS does to Postgres.

GeoMesa - Suite of tools for working with big geo-spatial data in a distributed fashion

BuntDB is a low-level, in-memory, key/value store in pure Go. It persists to disk, is ACID compliant, and uses locking for multiple readers and a single writer. It supports custom indexes and geospatial data. It's ideal for projects that need a dependable database and favor speed over data size.The desire to create BuntDB stems from the need for a new embeddable database for Tile38 and SummitDB.

BuntDB - Embeddable, in-memory key/value database for Go with custom indexing and geospatial support

Tile38 is a in-memory geolocation data store, spatial index, and realtime geofence. It supports a variety of object types including lat/lon points, bounding boxes, XYZ tiles, Geohashes, and GeoJSON. It supports spatial index with search methods such as Nearby, Within, and Intersects, Realtime geofencing through persistent sockets or webhooks and lot more.
 
Tile38 uses the Redis RESP protocol natively. Therefore most clients that support basic Redis commands will in turn support Tile38.

Tile38 is a  in-memory geolocation data store, spatial index, and realtime geofence. It supports a variety of object types including lat/lon points, bounding boxes, XYZ tiles, Geohashes, and GeoJSON. It supports spatial index with search methods such as Nearby, Within, and Intersects, Realtime geofencing through persistent sockets or webhooks and lot more. 

Tile38 - Geospatial database, spatial index, and realtime geofence

SummitDB is an in-memory, NoSQL key/value database. It persists to disk, uses the Raft consensus algorithm, is ACID compliant, and built on a transactional and strongly-consistent model. It supports custom indexes, geospatial data, JSON documents, and user-defined JS scripting.Under the hood it utilizes Finn, Redcon, BuntDB, GJSON, and Otto.

SummitDB - In-memory NoSQL database with ACID transactions, Raft consensus, and Redis API

Mapsforge project uses a compact file format for fast ad-hoc rendering of OpenStreetMap data. It provides tools to compile your own maps with detailed instructions and also precompiled maps, Simple boilerplate code to build applications for Android that display OpenStreetMap-based maps. Mapsforge maps can be flexibly styled with XML style files (render themes).

Mapsforge - Vector map library written in Java - running on Android and Desktop.

pgRouting extends the PostGIS / PostgreSQL geospatial database to provide geospatial routing functionality. Data and attributes can be modified by many clients, like QGIS through JDBC, ODBC, or directly using Pl/pgSQL. The clients can either be PCs or mobile devices. Data changes can be reflected instantaneously through the routing engine. There is no need for precalculation. The “cost” parameter can be dynamically calculated through SQL and its value can come from multiple fields or tables.
 
pgRouting library contains following features:
<ul>
<li>All Pairs Shortest Path, Johnson’s Algorithm</li>
<li>All Pairs Shortest Path, Floyd-Warshall Algorithm</li>
<li>Shortest Path A*</li>
<li>Bi-directional Dijkstra Shortest Path</li>
<li>Bi-directional A* Shortest Path</li>
<li>Shortest Path Dijkstra</li>
<li>Driving Distance</li>
<li>K-Shortest Path, Multiple Alternative Paths</li>
<li>K-Dijkstra, One to Many Shortest Path</li>
<li>Traveling Sales Person</li>
<li>Turn Restriction Shortest Path (TRSP)</li>
</ul>

pgRouting extends the PostGIS / PostgreSQL geospatial database to provide geospatial routing functionality.  Data and attributes can be modified by many clients, like QGIS through JDBC, ODBC, or directly using Pl/pgSQL. The clients can either be PCs or mobile devices. Data changes can be reflected instantaneously through the routing engine. There is no need for precalculation. The “cost” parameter can be dynamically calculated through SQL and its value can come from multiple fields or tables.

pgRouting  - Extends the PostGIS / PostgreSQL geospatial database to provide geospatial routing functionality

Mapster is a real-time event map implemented as a Kibana visualization. Mapster is not truely in real-time. It fetches the events from ElasticSearch using Kibana and replays the events in real time with a lag corresponding to the Kibana refresh time. 
 
For best performances, Kibana dashboard should be set to collect events from last 30 seconds and to refresh every 30 seconds too. The refresh rate should be equal to the window time.

Mapster is a real-time event map implemented as a Kibana visualization. Mapster is not truely in real-time. It fetches the events from ElasticSearch using Kibana and replays the events in real time with a lag corresponding to the Kibana refresh time.

Mapster - Live events map as a Kibana plugin

An easy-to-implement library that can assist Java developers in using the GeoHash algorithm in order to create geocodes based on custom latitude and longitude values. With the help of jGeohash, Java developers will be able to quickly and easily generate a geohash code using user-defined latitude and longitude values. By using the GeoHash algorithm, the space can be divided into multiple grid shapes.

jgeohash - An easy-to-implement library for the GeoHash algorithm

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