Python is a remarkably powerful dynamic programming language that is used in a wide variety of application domains. It is embeddable within applications as a scripting interface. Build flexible data-driven code using Python's powerful and dynamic introspection capabilities and advanced language features such as meta-classes, duck typing and decorators.

Python - Programming Language

R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. It is a GNU project which is similar to the S language. R provides a wide variety of statistical (linear and nonlinear modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, ...) and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible. 

R Language - Project for Statistical Computing

A dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. It has an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write. The syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. It was also influenced by Eiffel and Lisp. It is a scripting language that is more powerful than Perl, and more object-oriented than Python.

Ruby - Programming Language

Pharo is an open source Smalltalk. The goal of Pharo is to produce a clean and lean open-source Smalltalk. Pharo wants to bring Squeak to the next level. It is a pure object-oriented language with low memory footprint. Pharo's goal is to deliver a clean, innovative, free open-source
Smalltalk environment. By providing a stable and small core system,
excellent developer tools, and maintained releases, Pharo is an
attractive platform to build and deploy mission critical Smalltalk
applications. Pharo is an implementation of the Smalltalk programming language and
environment. It's a fork of Squeak and, as this one, it's highly
portable and its virtual machine is written entirely in Smalltalk
making it easy to debug, analyze, and change. Google project location: <A HREF="http://code.google.com/p/pharo/" target="_blank">http://code.google.com/p/pharo/</A>

Pharo is an open source Smalltalk. The goal of Pharo is to produce a clean and lean open-source Smalltalk. Pharo wants to bring Squeak to the next level. It is a pure object-oriented language with low memory footprint.

Pharo - Smalltalk inspired language

Go is expressive, concise, clean, and efficient. Its concurrency mechanisms make it easy to write programs that get the most out of multicore and networked machines, while its novel type system enables flexible and modular program construction. Go compiles quickly to machine code yet has the convenience of garbage collection and the power of run-time reflection. It's a fast, statically typed, compiled language that feels like a dynamically typed, interpreted language. 

Go - Programming Language from Google

Lua is a powerful, fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language. Lua combines simple procedural syntax with powerful data description constructs based on associative arrays and extensible semantics. Lua is dynamically typed, runs by interpreting bytecode for a register-based virtual machine, and has automatic memory management with incremental garbage collection, making it ideal for configuration, scripting, and rapid prototyping. 

Lua - Embeddable Scripting Language. 

RAD including Basic language, IDE, Toolbox for Controls and runtime for Linux. Similar to Visual Basic but object orientated. Interfaces to SQLite, MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. Allows creation of graphics, networking and CGI web apps. Uses either GTK+ or QT4 icons. Gambas development environment provides Syntax highlighting, GUI form editor, Integrated debugger and lot more.

Gambas - Object Language and Development Environment built on a BASIC Interpreter

Cython is a language that makes writing C extensions for the Python language as easy as Python itself. It is based on the well-known Pyrex, but supports more cutting edge functionality and optimizations. It gives you the combined power of Python and C to let you write Python code that calls back and forth from and to C or C++ code natively at any point.
 
The Cython language is a superset of the Python language that additionally supports calling C functions and declaring C types on variables and class attributes. This allows the compiler to generate very efficient C code from Cython code. The C code is generated once and then compiles with all major C/C++ compilers in CPython 2.4 and later, including Python 3.x.

Cython is a language that makes writing C extensions for the Python language as easy as Python itself. It is based on the well-known Pyrex, but supports more cutting edge functionality and optimizations. It gives you the combined power of Python and C to let you write Python code that calls back and forth from and to C or C++ code natively at any point.

Cython - C extensions for the Python language

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