JUnit is a simple framework to write repeatable tests. It is an instance of the xUnit architecture for unit testing frameworks.

JUnit - A programmer-oriented testing framework for Java

Mockito is a mocking framework that tastes really good. It lets you write beautiful tests with a clean & simple API. Mockito doesn’t give you hangover because the tests are very readable and they produce clean verification errors.

Mockito - Most popular Mocking framework for unit tests written in Java

Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed.
 
Its features include: 
<ul>
<li>Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM</li>
<li>Elegant&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language">DSL</a>&nbsp;syntax &lsquo;natively&rsquo; supports JSON and XML - including&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#set">JsonPath</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#xpath-functions">XPath</a>&nbsp;expressions</li>
<li>Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#json">JSON</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#xml">XML</a>, Cucumber&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#the-cucumber-way">Scenario</a>&nbsp;Outline&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#table">tables</a>, or a&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#set-multiple">payload builder</a>&nbsp;approach&nbsp;<a href="https://gist.github.com/ptrthomas/d6beb17e92a43220d254af942e3ed3d9">unique to Karate</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/intuit/karate/wiki/IDE-Support#vs-code-karate-plugin">Fully featured debugger</a>&nbsp;that can step&nbsp;backwards&nbsp;and even&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/KarateDSL/status/1167533484560142336">re-play a step while editing it</a>&nbsp;- a&nbsp;huge&nbsp;time-saver</li>
<li>Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from&nbsp;<a href="http://graphql.org/">GraphQL</a>&nbsp;API-s because of Karate&rsquo;s built-in&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#text">text-manipulation</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/json-path/JsonPath#path-examples">JsonPath</a>&nbsp;capabilities</li>
<li>Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#reading-files">so easy</a>&nbsp;- that it becomes a natural habit for the test-developer</li>
<li>Support for&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#data-driven-tests">data-driven tests</a>&nbsp;and being able to&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#tags">tag or group</a>&nbsp;tests is built-in, no need to rely on an external framework</li>
<li>Multi-threaded&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/#parallel-execution">parallel execution</a>, which is a huge time-saver, especially for integration and end-to-end tests</li>
<li>Option to use as a light-weight&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/intuit/karate/tree/master/karate-netty#standalone-jar">stand-alone executable</a>&nbsp;- convenient for teams not comfortable with Java</li>
<li>Cross platform&nbsp;<a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/karate-robot">Desktop Automation</a>&nbsp;that can be&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/ptrthomas/status/1215534821234995200">mixed into Web Automation flows</a>&nbsp;if needed</li>
<li>Gatling integration can hook into&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/intuit/karate/tree/master/karate-gatling#custom">any&nbsp;custom Java code</a>&nbsp;- which means that you can perf-test even non-HTTP protocols such as&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/thinkerou/karate-grpc">gRPC</a></li>
<li><a href="https://karatelabs.github.io/karate/karate-mock-servlet">Mock HTTP Servlet</a>&nbsp;that enables you to test&nbsp;any&nbsp;controller servlet such as Spring Boot / MVC or Jersey / JAX-RS - without having to boot an app-server, and you can use your HTTP integration tests un-changed</li>
<li>&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed.

karate - Test Automation Made Simple

Robolectric is the industry-standard unit testing framework for Android. With Robolectric, your tests run in a simulated Android environment inside a JVM, without the overhead and flakiness of an emulator. Robolectric tests routinely run 10x faster than those on cold-started emulators. Robolectric supports running unit tests for 16 different versions of Android, ranging from Jelly Bean (API level 16) to SV2 (API level 32).
 
Unlike traditional emulator-based Android tests, Robolectric tests run inside a sandbox which allows the Android environment to be precisely configured to the desired conditions for each test, isolates each test from its neighbors, and extends the Android framework with test APIs which provide minute control over the Android framework’s behavior and visibility of state for assertions.

Robolectric is the industry-standard unit testing framework for Android. With Robolectric, your tests run in a simulated Android environment inside a JVM, without the overhead and flakiness of an emulator. Robolectric tests routinely run 10x faster than those on cold-started emulators. Robolectric supports running unit tests for 16 different versions of Android, ranging from Jelly Bean (API level 16) to SV2 (API level 32).

Robolectric - Android Unit Testing Framework

JMH is a Java harness for building, running, and analysing nano/micro/milli/macro benchmarks written in Java and other languages targetting the JVM.

JMH - Java Micro Benchmarking Tool

A java GUI-Less browser, which allows high-level manipulation of web pages, such as filling forms and clicking links; just getPage(url), find a hyperlink, click() and you have all the HTML, JavaScript, and Ajax are automatically processed.

HtmlUnit -  Java GUI-Less browser, supporting JavaScript, to run against web pages 

FitNesse is a lightweight, open-source framework that makes it easy for software teams to collaboratively define Acceptance Tests. In FitNesse, tests are expressed as tables of input data and expected output data. FitNesse is a wiki web server, the test cases are created by editing the wiki pages.

Fitnesse - Software Testing Tool

NoSQLBench is a serious performance testing tool for the NoSQL ecosystem. It brings together features and capabilities that are not found in any other tool. It can run common testing workloads directly from the command line. It can generate virtual data sets of arbitrary size, with deterministic data and statistically shaped values.
 
It is designed for custom workloads that emulate your application, contained in a single file, based on statement templates - no IDE or coding required.

NoSQLBench is a serious performance testing tool for the NoSQL ecosystem. It brings together features and capabilities that are not found in any other tool. It can run common testing workloads directly from the command line. It can generate virtual data sets of arbitrary size, with deterministic data and statistically shaped values.
    

NoSQLBench - The open source, pluggable, nosql benchmarking suite

Sahi is an automation and testing tool for web applications, with the facility to record and playback scripts. 

Sahi - Web Automation and Test Tool

Atmosphere is a simply a black-box testing framework for native android applications. You can configure which tests are going to be executed on which device. You can even specify tests to be run on multiple different, in parameters devices, simultaneously. 

Atmosphere - Black box testing framework for Android

SoapUI is the Functional Testing tool for SOAP and REST testing. With its easy-to-use graphical interface, and enterprise-class features, SoapUI allows you to easily and rapidly create and execute automated functional, regression, and load tests. In a single test environment, SoapUI provides complete test coverage - from SOAP and REST-based Web services, to JMS enterprise messaging layers, databases, Rich Internet Applications, and much more. 

SoapUI - Functional testing solution for APIs and web services

Randoop generates unit tests using feedback-directed random test generation. This technique pseudo-randomly, but smartly, generates sequences of method/constructor invocations for the classes under test. Randoop executes the sequences it creates, using the results of the execution to create assertions that capture the behavior of your program. Randoop creates tests from the code sequences and assertions. 
 
 Randoop can be used for two purposes: to find bugs in your program, and to create regression tests to warn you if you change your program's behavior in the future.

Randoop generates unit tests using feedback-directed random test generation. This technique pseudo-randomly, but smartly, generates sequences of method/constructor invocations for the classes under test. Randoop executes the sequences it creates, using the results of the execution to create assertions that capture the behavior of your program. Randoop creates tests from the code sequences and assertions. 

Randoop - Automatic test generation for Java

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